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"This book is a historical and sociological reading of the relation between Sunnis and Shias from the inception of the dispute for Mohammed's succession until today. It is divided in two parts. The first part offers a comprehensive history of the divide. It shows how Shiism was, during much of the Middle Ages, the main contestation ideology of the caliphate, but also how Sunnism and Shiism converged as Shiism progressively ceased to be an esoteric and politically radical doctrine to espouse a number of tenets of mainstream Islam. It shows the political dynamics that runs beneath theological debates and, in particular, how the Sunni/Shia conflict was revived when the Safavids made Shiism an official state religion on the model of Sunnism. On the contrary, when faced with the colonial challenge, Sunni and Shia reformists closed ranks and collaborated. The second part of the book offers a socio-historical account of some national contexts in which the Sunni/Shia divide shapes the society and the politics: Iraq, Bahrain, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Yemen and Lebanon. It shows that in each of these countries the sectarian divide is shaped by very specific historical and social circumstances. Sunni and Shia identities are associated with ethnic, regional, statutory and economic identities. In most cases the relations between Sunnis and Shias are shaped by typical majority/minority dynamics. They can lead to conflict but dynamics of emulation often emerges from conflicts, which are particularly obvious when Sunni and Shia Islamic movements compete"--
SUNNITES--RELATIONS--SHIITES --- SHIITES--RELATIONS--SUNNITES --- ISLAM--HISTORY --- Shīʻah --- Sunnites --- Islam --- Islam and politics --- 297.12 --- 297 <09> --- 297 <09> Islamisme. Mahométisme--Geschiedenis van ... --- 297 <09> Islam. Mohammedanisme--Geschiedenis van ... --- Islamisme. Mahométisme--Geschiedenis van ... --- Islam. Mohammedanisme--Geschiedenis van ... --- 297.12 Islam: theologie; doctrine --- Islam: theologie; doctrine --- Sunni Muslims --- Sunnis --- Islamic sects --- Imamites --- Shia --- Shiism --- Twelvers (Islam) --- Alids --- Politics and Islam --- Political science --- Dogma, Islamic --- Islamic theology --- Kalam --- Muslim theology --- Theology, Islamic --- Theology, Muslim --- Relations&delete& --- Doctrines --- Islam. Mohammedanisme--Geschiedenis van . --- Political aspects --- Islam. Mohammedanisme--Geschiedenis van --- Relations --- Shiites
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Pourquoi des dizaines de milliers de musulmans se convertissent-ils pour devenir chrétiens ou témoins de Jéhovah ? Comment expliquer que la religion qui croît le plus vite dans le monde soit le pentecôtisme ? Pourquoi le salafisme, doctrine musulmane particulièrement austère, attire-t-il de jeunes Européens ? Pourquoi si peu de jeunes catholiques entrent-ils dans les séminaires alors qu'ils se pressent autour du pape lors des Journées mondiales de la jeunesse ? Comment se fait-il que les défenseurs de la tradition anglicane conservatrice soient aujourd'hui nigérians, ougandais ou kényans, alors que le primat de l'Église en Angleterre approuve l'usage de la charia pour les musulmans britanniques ? Pourquoi la Corée du Sud fournit-elle, proportionnellement, le plus grand nombre de missionnaires protestants dans le monde ? Comment peut-on être " juif pour Jésus " ? Comment se fait-il que le premier musulman et le bouddhiste élus au Congrès américain en 2006 soient tous les deux des Noirs convertis ? La théorie du clash des civilisations, de S. Huntington, ne permet pas de comprendre de tels phénomènes. Car loin d'être l'expression d'identités culturelles traditionnelles, le revivalisme religieux est une conséquence de la mondialisation et de la crise des cultures. La " sainte ignorance ", c'est le mythe d'un pur religieux qui se construirait en dehors des cultures. Ce mythe anime les fondamentalismes modernes, en concurrence sur un marché des religions qui à la fois exacerbe leurs divergences et standardise leurs pratiques.
Religion and culture. --- Intercultural communication --- Multiculturalism --- Globalization --- Religion and sociology. --- Religion et culture --- Communication interculturelle --- Multiculturalisme --- Mondialisation --- Sociologie religieuse --- Religious aspects. --- Religious aspects --- Aspect religieux --- Religion and culture --- Religion and sociology --- Religion and sociologyReligious aspects --- Intercultural communication - Religious aspects --- Multiculturalism - Religious aspects --- Globalization - Religious aspects --- Culture et mondialisation --- Sécularisation (théologie) --- la religion --- clash des civilisations --- Samuel Huntington --- identités culturelles traditionnelles --- revivalisme religieux --- mondialisation --- crise des cultures --- fondamentalismes
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